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        <p>Java是一门面向对象编程语言，不仅吸收了C++语言的各种优点，还摒弃了C++里难以理解的多继承、指针等概念，因此Java语言具有功能强大和简单易用两个特征。Java语言作为静态面向对象编程语言的代表，极好地实现了面向对象理论，允许程序员以优雅的思维方式进行复杂的编程。</p>
<p>Java具有简单性、面向对象、分布式、健壮性、安全性、平台独立与可移植性、多线程、动态性等特点 。Java可以编写桌面应用程序、Web应用程序、分布式系统和嵌入式系统应用程序等。</p>
<h1 id="JAVA发展历程"><a href="#JAVA发展历程" class="headerlink" title="JAVA发展历程"></a>JAVA发展历程</h1><p>JAVA（SUN斯坦福大学网络），1996年正式被民众使用。</p>
<p>SUN最早从事软件开发，而JAVA只是其软件产品。2009年被oracle收购了。</p>
<p>1995.05.23，JDK1.0，Java正式挂牌推出。</p>
<p>j2se：进行单机版程序的开发，往往是作为基础平台。</p>
<p>j2me：主要是进行移动开发。</p>
<p>j2ee：是Java开发的企业版。</p>
<h1 id="JAVA特点"><a href="#JAVA特点" class="headerlink" title="JAVA特点"></a>JAVA特点</h1><p>高级语言类型：</p>
<ol>
<li>编译型</li>
<li>解释型</li>
</ol>
<p>Java是以上两种语言的结合。.java先编译生成.class文件，Java解释器负责Java虚拟机的代码在特定的平台上运行</p>
<h2 id="Java的主要特点："><a href="#Java的主要特点：" class="headerlink" title="Java的主要特点："></a>Java的主要特点：</h2><ul>
<li>Java语言具有可移植型</li>
<li>Java开发足够简单</li>
<li>java是为数不多的多线程编程语言</li>
<li>Java支持自动的垃圾收集处理</li>
<li>java是一门面向对象的编程语言。</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="JAVA开发环境"><a href="#JAVA开发环境" class="headerlink" title="JAVA开发环境"></a>JAVA开发环境</h1><ul>
<li>JRE： Java Runtime Environment</li>
<li>JDK：Java Development Kit</li>
</ul>
<p>JRE顾名思义是java运行时环境，包含了java虚拟机，java基础类库。是使用java语言编写的程序运行所需要的软件环境，是提供给想运行java程序的用户使用的。</p>
<p>JDK顾名思义是java开发工具包，是程序员使用java语言编写java程序所需的开发工具包，是提供给程序员使用的。JDK包含了JRE，同时还包含了编译java源码的编译器javac，还包含了很多java程序调试和分析的工具：jconsole，jvisualvm等工具软件，还包含了java程序编写所需的文档和demo例子程序。</p>
<p>如果你需要运行java程序，只需安装JRE就可以了。如果你需要编写java程序，需要安装JDK。</p>
<p>因此，需要先安装jdk的开发包，其中包括了jre。<a href="https://www.java.com/zh_CN/download" target="_blank" rel="noopener">点此下载</a>。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>jdk安装之前先把电脑的防火墙关闭，不然可能会发生不可测的后果。</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>只安装jre会导致你编写的.java程序不能编译为.class文件，即javac命令找不到。</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>安装之后要进行环境变量的配置。在path中添加java/bin所在的绝对路径，新的环境属性必须在重启之后才会生效。</p>
</blockquote>
<h1 id="第一个java程序"><a href="#第一个java程序" class="headerlink" title="第一个java程序"></a>第一个java程序</h1><p>所有java程序必须是<code>.java</code>文件名后缀。</p>
<p>实例：</p>
<figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Hello</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String args[])</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">    System.out.println(<span class="string">'hello world!!'</span>);</span><br><span class="line">  &#125;</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>以上是一个最简单的java程序,它会输出<code>hello world!!</code>.</p>
<h2 id="执行步骤"><a href="#执行步骤" class="headerlink" title="执行步骤"></a>执行步骤</h2><ol>
<li>编译源代码文件,生成编译后的文件<code>*.class</code>文件.在命令行执行<code>javac Hello.java</code>就会在这个文件夹生成<code>Hello.class</code>文件.</li>
<li>解释java文件.在命令行执行<code>java Hello</code>就会执行该程序.</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>注意：其中的类名必须与文件名保持一致，不然就会报“类HelloWorld是公共的，应在名为HelloWorld.java的文件中声明”的编译错误。</p>
</blockquote>
<h2 id="分解程序"><a href="#分解程序" class="headerlink" title="分解程序"></a>分解程序</h2><h3 id="程序类"><a href="#程序类" class="headerlink" title="程序类"></a>程序类</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">Hello</span></span>&#123;&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>类是java中的基本单位,所有的java程序都是以类的形式存在的,在程序中对于类的定义有两种语法:</p>
<ol>
<li><code>public class 类名称{}</code>:其中类名称必须和文件名保持一致,一般类名称首字母大写.</li>
<li><code>class 类名称{}</code>:文件名称可以和类名称不同,生成的字节码文件就是类名称.class,在一个<em>.java中可以用class定义多个不同的类,并且在编译之后形成不同的`</em>.class`文件.</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<p>类名的首字母一般大写</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>在java的学习中可能会在一个*.java文件中定义多个类，主要是方便浏览，但是在实际的开发当中，几乎每一个java文件只会定义一个类。</p>
</blockquote>
<h3 id="主方法"><a href="#主方法" class="headerlink" title="主方法"></a>主方法</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String args[])</span></span>&#123;</span><br><span class="line">  System.out.println(<span class="string">'hello world!!'</span>);</span><br><span class="line">&#125;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>主方法是一切的起点，也就是说所有的程序都是通过主方法开始执行的。</p>
<p>主方法编写的代码才是你整个程序该执行的程序逻辑。主程序所在的类称之为主类，而主类一般使用<code>public class</code>进行声明。</p>
<h3 id="信息输出"><a href="#信息输出" class="headerlink" title="信息输出"></a>信息输出</h3><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">System.out.println(<span class="string">'hello world!!'</span>);</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>指的是在 屏幕上进行信息的打印操作，而信息输出有以下两类语法：</p>
<ul>
<li>输出后换行：System.out.println(内容)；</li>
<li>输出后不换行：System.out.print(内容)；</li>
</ul>
<h1 id="CLASSPATH环境属性"><a href="#CLASSPATH环境属性" class="headerlink" title="CLASSPATH环境属性"></a>CLASSPATH环境属性</h1><p>CLASSPATH指的是类的加载路径。</p>
<p>如果一个Hello.class想要执行，那么命令行就必须在Hello.class所在的目录，否则就无法执行。</p>
<p>那么如何做到即使不在Hello.class所在的目录，也能执行这个文件呢？</p>
<p>那么这个时候就必须用我们的CLASSPATH来进行控制，所以执行如下命令：</p>
<figure class="highlight routeros"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="builtin-name">SET</span> <span class="attribute">CLASSPATH</span>=d：\mydemo</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>结论：java解释一个程序类的时候，一定首先取得classpath设置的路径，而后才开始类的加载操作。</p>
<blockquote>
<p>需要注意的是，如果你现在的classpath设置的目录很多，那么对于程序的解释执行会非常不方便，所以最好采用的是默认机制：从当前所在的路径中进行类的加载，那么我们可以将classpath的内容设置为<code>.</code></p>
</blockquote>
<figure class="highlight routeros"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="builtin-name">SET</span> <span class="attribute">CLASSPATH</span>=.</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>所以不建议大家去改变CLASSPATH的配置，当然我们可以为我们的项目去添加一个环境属性。</p>
<p>在环境变量中添加。</p>

      
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